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Invited talk MathSTIC · USPN, France

Optimisation et Apprentissage appliqués aux contenus numériques

Invited talk at USPN on Understanding diffusion models requires rethinking (again) generalization.

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The paper behind this talk

Understanding diffusion models requires rethinking (again) generalization

NeurIPS 2026 position track

Pierre Marion*, Yu-Han Wu* (* equal contribution)

  • Problem. In diffusion models memorization and generalization are incompatible, so the supervised-learning theory of generalization does not transfer.
  • Approach. Survey the three families of explanations and run controlled CIFAR-10 sweeps over dataset size, model size, batch size and learning rate.
  • Position. Why models do not memorize is largely settled by early stopping and the linear scaling of memorization time; what is learned before memorization is the open question.
Key figure from Understanding diffusion models requires rethinking (again) generalization
Predicted versus actual evolution of training metrics. Left: based on the literature, we expected the train and test loss to decrease together until the memorization time, at which point the model overfits, and distributional distances to track the loss. Right: actual experiment. The double descent in sliced Wasserstein distance and FID, present for both train and test, is unexpected.

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